Norovirus: What it is and how to avoid it

Do you think you have a stomach virus or bug? This could be a norovirus and its symptoms are very unpleasant. Here is what you need to know about norovirus, including signs you might have it, when to see your primary care doctor and ways to prevent spreading the virus.

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What is norovirus?

Norovirus is commonly referred to as a stomach virus or stomach bug. It is a highly contagious virus that affects all ages and can make you feel very uncomfortable. The virus triggers inflammation in your stomach and intestines, otherwise known as gastroenteritis. It ranks among the most common causes of food-borne outbreaks worldwide. It spreads quickly in crowded areas such as local restaurants, schools, offices and cruise ships.

How can you tell if you have norovirus?

Norovirus symptoms can make you feel uncomfortable and downright miserable.

You might experience the following if you have norovirus:

• Nausea and vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Stomach pain

• Fever

• Headache

• Body aches

• Fatigue

Symptoms of the stomach virus usually appear within 12 to 48 hours after exposure and can stick around for one to three days. If you’re starting to feel better, don’t think you’re out of the woods just yet. You are most contagious during the first few days after feeling better and can remain contagious for at least two weeks.

Related content: Not feeling well? Your primary care doctor can help.

How do you get norovirus?

Norovirus spreads through vomit or the fecal-oral route, meaning the virus is in the feces of someone who is infected. When proper hygiene measures aren’t followed, particles from vomit or feces can contaminate food, water, objects or surfaces. You can become infected by consuming contaminated food or water or by touching contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

When should you go to the doctor if you have norovirus?

While most people recover without complications, there are times when you should seek medical help from your primary care physician. Depending on the severity of your symptoms, your doctor may be able to accommodate a telehealth visit.

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You should make an appointment with your primary care doctor if the following norovirus symptoms last more than a few days:

• Signs of dehydration such as dry mouth, decreased urination or lightheadedness.

• Bloody stools.

• High fever (above 101.5 degrees).

• You have a weak immune system or underlying medical conditions.

Elderly adults and young children are more susceptible to becoming dehydrated, so be sure to keep a close eye on them.

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How can you avoid catching and spreading norovirus?

Practicing good hygiene is crucial in situations where norovirus spreads easily like after using the restroom, before eating or preparing food and after being in contact with someone who is infected. 

Wash your hands. Rub your hands together with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds. 

Wash your hands are soiled but especially after:

• Using the restroom

• Changing diapers

• Shaking hands

• Touching common surfaces

• Caring for people who are sick

• Eating or handling food

• Before giving yourself or someone else medicine
  

   

Use hand sanitizer. While hand sanitizer should not replace washing your hands with soap and water, it is a good alternative.

Don’t touch your face. Avoid touching your mouth, nose and eyes as these are common entry points for the stomach virus.