Your Questions About Scoliosis, Answered

08/15/2024

Get the full scoop on scoliosis, including what it is, how to identify it and the most effective ways to treat it — from natural remedies to medical treatments.

By Jeffrey Gilligan, MD, Neurosurgery, Nuvance Health

Living with scoliosis or suspecting you might have it can raise a lot of questions and concerns. But the good news is scoliosis is a manageable condition, and understanding it can lead to effective treatments and a healthier spine.

Whether you’ve recently noticed changes in your posture or have been dealing with back discomfort, keep reading and let’s walk through the essentials of scoliosis, from recognizing the signs to treatment options, both natural and medical.

What is scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a spinal condition where the spine curves sideways, forming an “S” or “C” shape. This curvature can affect different parts of the spine, often in the thoracic (upper) or lumbar (lower) regions.

The degree of the curve can vary significantly, ranging from mild, less than 20 degrees, to severe, more than 50 degrees. While scoliosis can sometimes go unnoticed, especially in mild cases, it can cause visible physical changes, pain and discomfort in more severe instances. Understanding scoliosis is crucial for managing the condition and maintaining a good quality of life.

Are there different types of scoliosis?

Yes, scoliosis comes in several forms, each with its own set of characteristics and causes:

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type, especially among adolescents. Idiopathic means “of unknown origin,” and this type accounts for about 80% of cases. It’s usually detected during growth spurts in children and teenagers.

Degenerative scoliosis affects adults and is caused by the natural aging process. The spine can begin to curve as discs and joints degenerate over time. It’s more common in people over 50 and often accompanies other spinal conditions like arthritis.

Neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with neurological or muscular diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy or spinal cord injury. This type occurs due to imbalances in muscle control, leading to spinal curvature.

Congenital scoliosis at birth results from abnormal spinal development in the womb. The vertebrae may be improperly formed or fused, causing a curvature.

What causes scoliosis?

The causes of scoliosis vary depending on the type:

Idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most prevalent, has no identifiable cause, though genetics may play a role.

Degenerative scoliosis is linked to age-related changes in the spine, such as the breakdown of intervertebral discs and facet joints. Understanding the cause is key to determining the most effective treatment approach.

Congenital scoliosis results from congenital spinal anomalies, while neuromuscular scoliosis arises due to underlying neurological or muscular conditions.

How do you know if you have scoliosis?

Recognizing scoliosis early can make a difference in treatment outcomes. Common signs include:

Uneven shoulders: One shoulder may appear higher than the other.

Asymmetrical waistline: One side of the waist may be higher, or the waistline may not look level.

Prominent ribcage: One side of the ribcage may protrude more.

Leaning to one side: The body may appear to tilt to one side.

In many cases, idiopathic scoliosis is identified during routine school screenings or physical exams. If these signs are present, consult a scoliosis doctor near you for a professional evaluation.

For adults who develop degenerative or neuromuscular scoliosis, understanding the signs and noticing them in your body can help you get on the path to managing it effectively sooner.

Diagnostic tools like X-rays can confirm the presence and severity of spinal curvature.

Types of treatments for scoliosis in adults

Treatments for scoliosis in adults vary depending on the type and progression of the curve in the spine and overall health.

How can you fix scoliosis naturally?

Natural remedies can effectively manage symptoms and prevent curvature progression for those with mild scoliosis. Here are some options:

Physical therapy (PT) is a key component in scoliosis management. Physical therapists design exercises that strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility and mobility and correct posture. This can help alleviate pain and prevent the curve from worsening.

Pilates, yoga and stretching: Regular practice of Pilates, yoga and stretching can enhance spinal flexibility and strengthen core muscles, which support the spine. It’s important to first consult with your doctor or physical therapist about the types of exercise that will benefit you. Then, work with instructors knowledgeable about scoliosis to avoid positions that might exacerbate the condition.

Follow a healthy lifestyle by staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and practicing good posture — all contributing to spine health. Avoid activities that place undue stress on the spine, like heavy lifting or high-impact sports, unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Bracing for scoliosis

While more commonly used in children, bracing can sometimes benefit adults, especially those with degenerative scoliosis or mild curves. Braces can provide support, relieve pain and prevent further curvature. However, they are generally not used to correct the curve in adults.

Spine surgery for scoliosis

Scoliosis can cause pain, functional limitations or a risk of respiratory issues in severe cases. Surgery may be necessary in these cases. Surgical options include spinal fusion, where vertebrae are fused to straighten the spine and stabilize the curve. This is typically considered when other treatments have failed, and the benefits outweigh the risks.

The type of fusion, whether minimally invasive or open and how much of your spine is affected, will vary from person to person. Find a scoliosis doctor near you for an evaluation to talk through your options and develop a personalized care plan.

Nuvance Health neurosurgeons specialize in spine surgery. Find a neurosurgeon near me.

What worsens scoliosis?

Certain factors can exacerbate scoliosis. Here are activities and lifestyle choices to be mindful of if you have scoliosis:

Poor posture: Slouching or leaning to one side can strain the spine and worsen the curvature.

Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of exercise can weaken the muscles that support the spine, potentially leading to increased curvature.

Carrying heavy loads: Uneven weight distribution, such as carrying a heavy bag on one shoulder, can place additional stress on the spine.

Avoiding treatment: See a scoliosis doctor near you or regularly participate in PT to prevent the curve from progressing, especially in degenerative scoliosis.

What makes scoliosis better?

Improving scoliosis involves a combination of proactive measures and treatment strategies:

Regular exercise: Engaging in activities that strengthen the core and back muscles can support the spine and reduce symptoms.

Good posture: Proper spinal alignment while sitting, standing and sleeping can help manage discomfort and prevent progression.

Balanced diet: A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D supports bone health, essential for spine integrity.

Regular checkups: Monitoring the condition with a scoliosis doctor near you ensures timely adjustments to the treatment plan and addresses any changes in symptoms.

The bottom line: Scoliosis is a manageable condition with various treatment options depending on the severity and type. From natural remedies like physical therapy and lifestyle changes to medical interventions like bracing and surgery, there are numerous ways to address scoliosis effectively.

Recognizing the signs early and consulting with a scoliosis doctor near you can lead to better outcomes and an improved quality of life. Staying informed and proactive is the best approach to maintaining a healthy spine.

Your questions about scoliosis, answered